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This page was last updated on 19 September, 2006


Map of Monaco



Legend: DefinitionDefinition Field ListingField Listing Rank OrderRank Order
   Introduction    Monaco Top of Page
Background:
Definition Field Listing
The Genoese built a fortress on the site of present-day Monaco in 1215. The current ruling Grimaldi family secured control in the late 13th century, and a principality was established in 1338. Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center.
   Geography    Monaco Top of Page
Location:
Definition Field Listing
Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy
Geographic coordinates:
Definition Field Listing
43 44 N, 7 24 E
Map references:
Definition Field Listing
Europe
Area:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 1.95 sq km
land: 1.95 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative:
Definition Field Listing
about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Land boundaries:
Definition Field Listing
total: 4.4 km
border countries: France 4.4 km
Coastline:
Definition Field Listing
4.1 km
Maritime claims:
Definition Field Listing
territorial sea: 12 nm
Climate:
Definition Field Listing
Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers
Terrain:
Definition Field Listing
hilly, rugged, rocky
Elevation extremes:
Definition Field Listing
lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
highest point: Mont Agel 140 m
Natural resources:
Definition Field Listing
none
Land use:
Definition Field Listing
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (urban area) (2005)
Irrigated land:
Definition Field Listing
NA
Natural hazards:
Definition Field Listing
NA
Environment - current issues:
Definition Field Listing
NA
Environment - international agreements:
Definition Field Listing
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Geography - note:
Definition Field Listing
second-smallest independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban
   People    Monaco Top of Page
Population:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
32,543 (July 2006 est.)
Age structure:
Definition Field Listing
0-14 years: 15.2% (male 2,539/female 2,417)
15-64 years: 62.1% (male 9,959/female 10,266)
65 years and over: 22.6% (male 3,015/female 4,347) (2006 est.)
Median age:
Definition Field Listing
total: 45.4 years
male: 43.3 years
female: 47.3 years (2006 est.)
Population growth rate:
Definition Field Listing
0.4% (2006 est.)
Birth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
9.19 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Death rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
12.91 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Net migration rate:
Definition Field Listing
7.68 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Sex ratio:
Definition Field Listing
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female
total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 5.35 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.19 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.46 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total population: 79.69 years
male: 75.85 years
female: 83.74 years (2006 est.)
Total fertility rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
1.76 children born/woman (2006 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA
Nationality:
Definition Field Listing
noun: Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s)
adjective: Monegasque or Monacan
Ethnic groups:
Definition Field Listing
French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21%
Religions:
Definition Field Listing
Roman Catholic 90%
Languages:
Definition Field Listing
French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque
Literacy:
Definition Field Listing
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99%
male: 99%
female: 99% (2003 est.)
   Government    Monaco Top of Page
Country name:
Definition Field Listing
conventional long form: Principality of Monaco
conventional short form: Monaco
local long form: Principaute de Monaco
local short form: Monaco
Government type:
Definition Field Listing
constitutional monarchy
Capital:
Definition Field Listing
name: Monaco
geographic coordinates: 43 44 N, 7 25 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Administrative divisions:
Definition Field Listing
none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are four quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo
Independence:
Definition Field Listing
1419 (beginning of the rule by the House of Grimaldi)
National holiday:
Definition Field Listing
National Day (Prince of Monaco Holiday), 19 November
Constitution:
Definition Field Listing
17 December 1962
Legal system:
Definition Field Listing
based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage:
Definition Field Listing
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
Definition Field Listing
chief of state: Prince ALBERT II (since 6 April 2005)
head of government: Minister of State Jean-Paul PROUST (since 1 June 2005)
cabinet: Council of Government is under the authority of the monarch
elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government
Legislative branch:
Definition Field Listing
unicameral National Council or Conseil National (24 seats; 16 members elected by list majority system, 8 by proportional representation; to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 9 February 2003 (next to be held February 2008)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UNAM 21, UND 3
Judicial branch:
Definition Field Listing
Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council)
Political parties and leaders:
Definition Field Listing
National and Democratic Union or UND [Guy MAGNAN]; Union for Monaco or UPM (including National Union for the Future of Monaco or UNAM)
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Definition Field Listing
NA
International organization participation:
Definition Field Listing
ACCT, CE, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITU, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
Definition Field Listing
Monaco does not have an embassy in the US
consulate(s) general: New York
Diplomatic representation from the US:
Definition Field Listing
the US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Consul General in Marseille (France) is accredited to Monaco
Flag description:
Definition Field Listing
two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red
   Economy    Monaco Top of Page
Economy - overview:
Definition Field Listing
Monaco, bordering France on the Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. In 2001, a major construction project extended the pier used by cruise ships in the main harbor. The principality has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. The state retains monopolies in a number of sectors, including tobacco, the telephone network, and the postal service. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$870 million
note: Monaco does not publish national income figures; the estimates are extremely rough (2000 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate):
Definition Field Listing
NA
GDP - real growth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
0.9% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$27,000 (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
Definition Field Listing
agriculture: 17%
industry: NA%
services: NA%
Labor force:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
41,110
note: includes workers from all foreign countries (2004)
Unemployment rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
22% (1999)
Population below poverty line:
Definition Field Listing
NA%
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Definition Field Listing
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
1.9% (2000)
Budget:
Definition Field Listing
revenues: $719.2 million
expenditures: $864.1 million; including capital expenditures of $283.1 million (2004)
Agriculture - products:
Definition Field Listing
none
Industries:
Definition Field Listing
tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products
Industrial production growth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA%
Electricity - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA kWh
Electricity - imports:
Definition Field Listing
NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by France
Exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$NA
note: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France
Imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$NA
note: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France
Debt - external:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$18 billion (2000 est.)
Economic aid - recipient:
Definition Field Listing
$NA
Currency (code):
Definition Field Listing
euro (EUR)
Exchange rates:
Definition Field Listing
euros per US dollar - 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001)
Fiscal year:
Definition Field Listing
calendar year
   Communications    Monaco Top of Page
Telephones - main lines in use:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
33,700 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
19,300 (2002)
Telephone system:
Definition Field Listing
general assessment: modern automatic telephone system
domestic: NA
international: country code - 377; no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into the French communications system
Radio broadcast stations:
Definition Field Listing
AM 1, FM NA, shortwave 8 (1998)
Television broadcast stations:
Definition Field Listing
5 (1998)
Internet country code:
Definition Field Listing
.mc
Internet hosts:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
716 (2005)
Internet users:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
16,000 (2002)
   Transportation    Monaco Top of Page
Heliports:
Definition Field Listing
1 (2006)
Roadways:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 50 km
paved: 50 km (1999)
Merchant marine:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
registered in other countries: 81 (The Bahamas 17, Barbados 1, Georgia 12, Hong Kong 1, Isle of Man 1, Italy 6, Liberia 11, Malta 4, Marshall Islands 8, Norway 3, Panama 9, Saint Kitts and Nevis 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 3, Switzerland 2, Turkey 1, unknown 1) (2005)
Ports and terminals:
Definition Field Listing
Monaco
   Military    Monaco Top of Page
Manpower available for military service:
Definition Field Listing
males age 18-49: 6,256 (2005 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
Definition Field Listing
males age 18-49: 4,971 (2005 est.)
Manpower reaching military service age annually:
Definition Field Listing
males age 18-49: 148 (2005 est.)
Military - note:
Definition Field Listing
defense is the responsibility of France; the Palace Guard performs ceremonial duties (2003)
   Transnational Issues    Monaco Top of Page
Disputes - international:
Definition Field Listing
none

This page was last updated on 19 September, 2006


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